Tips-Trick Computers

Hacking a website or its member section
First of all,why you want to hack a webpage?Is it a certain webpage or any site at all? There are many reasons to hack a website, or a webmaster.Maybe you want to take a revenge or maybe you want to have fun or just learn how to do it ! You can deface the website which means replace the original index with a new one or you can gain access to the member area of the site which might be easier.


Defacing
You can deface the site through telnet or your browser by running remote commands on an old or misconfigured server, the hard thing to do is find an old server , maybe a network of a school or university would do,get a CGI BUG searcher.This program will scan ranges of IPs for web-servers and will scan them for known bugs in their cgis or other bugs and holes.You can learn how to exploite a certain hole by adding in yahoo the name of the bug/hole and the word exploit,search for “cmd.exe exploit”.There are more than 700 holes that many servers might have! You can also deface a website by finding the ftp password and just browse through the sites ftp and replace the index.htm.You do that with the :

Brute force
To do that you need a brute forcer or brute force attacker and some word lists,the brute forcer sends multiple user/pass requests of words that picks up from namelists and tries to hack the account untill it does! So lets say imagine a porn site that asks for a password , you go there you copy their address , you add the address in a program called brute forcer and then from the brute forcer you choose a text file with names to be used as usernames and a text with names to be used as passwords,the brute forcer will try untill it finds a correct user/pass This should be easier for the newbies than exploiting cgi bugs , many of the newbies havent even heard of it i hope i didnt confuse you with this tutorial there might be more tuts about web hacking and cgi bugs and such.Till then try to find the way to cgi bugs yourself with the cgi scanners in the Web Hacks section or download a brute forcer to crack accounts.

I stumbled upon a convenient way to transfer lots of documents to my KINDLE. I had a zipped folder of 28 student papers and tried to email the folder to my KINDLE address, just to see if it would magically unzip and convert each item for me. It did ... each item is ready to read. A mix of txt, doc and pdf files, all converted for me to KINDLE format.

Instructions to myself (to remember how to do this) and for anyone else with a KINDLE and Windows XP:


1. Open a folder of documents with txt, doc and/or pdf formats, eg. STUDENT PAPERS

2. Select all the files you want to transfer. If you only want some of the files, may be best to just copy the whole folder to your desktop and delete the files you don't want.

3. Right click. SEND TO ... COMPRESSED (ZIPPED) FOLDER

4. A new folder shows up inside the folder you're in. It seems to name itself. Remember the name (or rename).*

5. Open Outlook email. Address an email to [your name]@kindle.com. Attach the zipped folder. Send.

6. Get a cup of coffee. It may take ten minutes or so to transfer.

================

*I happened to put the zipped folder on my desktop - don't know if that's part of the secret to making this work or not. Other than that, I am not a techie and probably can't answer your questions.But go ahead and leave them if you want -- maybe someone else will. I tried to send a folder with maybe 50 items that was rejected as too large, but maybe by my outgoing mail server.

The best approach in recovering back all your lost files from a failed or crashed system, corrupted or virus-infected drive, error formatting or executed delete command prompt on any PC is to get a third party software that will completely, efficiently and protectively make the recovery process a success.

Data loss in whatever form or size and from whichever kind of storage media is disheartening to say the least. A development many find perplexing and greatly disturbing whenever it occurs. The recovery process is tasking and usually requires some time to complete.


We live in an information dependent world and many processes, systems and events largely depend on information and data to function well. There is a global acceptance of the input and feedback mechanism or processes everything passes through on a moment by moment basis. Time is equally of essence.

Information and data are stored essentially as files on a hard disk drive, micro sd card, usb flash drive, memory stick duo, compact disc, zip drive, etc.

The worst scenario that can befall an average computer system user or operator is to suddenly and unexpectedly lose data especially in a situation where there is no backup to copy from or reload, restore or reprocess again.

More perplexing are situations where there is a presentation to make, an appointment or deadline to meet, a report/proposal to submit or many years’ worth of compiled data to archive.

Recovery of files from a variety of media storage devices is now possible even as there continues to be ongoing development and research in the field of data processing, security and storage with regards to loss of files, information and data.

It is common knowledge that files can be lost from a hard drive and other media such as floppy disk, compact disc, usb flash drive, digital camera, and digital audio player and so on. It is heart cheering to know and realize files lost can be recovered.

There are complete range of files and data recovery software for all Windows platforms and supports Un-delete, Un-format from various file systems including FAT, FAT16, FAT32, NTFS, EXT2, EXT3 on various storage media, such as IDE/ATA, SATA, SCSI, USB, Fire wire (IEEE1394) in addition to the aforementioned.

Whatever your situation, help is available and you can recover all your files back from any media storage or memory device.

Instant recovery of lost files from any media storage device is possible. Whatever your gadget, device or equipment, you can safely recover all your lost files within the shortest possible time from any media storage device such as usb flash drive, pen drive, memory stick pro duo, zip drive, digital camera, digital audio player, computer hard drive, etc. VISIT HERE! Whether you are running late on your appointment/schedule or urgently need your lost files to be recovered, help is available.

1). Start any application, say Word. Open some large documents.


2). Press CTRL+SHIFT+ESC to open Windows Task Manager and click Processes tab and sort the list in descending order on Mem Usage. You will notice that WINWORD.EXE will be somewhere at the top, using multiple MBs of memory.



3). Now switch to Word and simply minimize it. (Don't use the Minimize All Windows option of the task bar).


4). Now go back to the Windows Task Manager and see where WINWORD.EXE is listed. Most probably you will not find it at the top. You will typically have to scroll to the bottom of the list to find Word. Now check out the amount of RAM it is using. Surprised? The memory utilization has reduced by a huge amount.

Microsoft Windows XP has been on the market for five years now and is soon to be replaced by Microsoft's newest operating system, Windows Vista. Windows Vista will have a lot of new advanced features along with a new advanced price tag!


By now, you probably think you've used every feature in Windows XP and know just about everything there is to know about the operating system. You might be surprised. There are a number of tools built into Microsoft Windows XP which are a little bit hidden and are very unobvious if you don't know where to look, here are some tools built into Windows XP you just might not know about!


There is actually another instant messenger client in Windows besides Windows Messenger, there is an old program called Windows for Workgroups Chat which allows you to have a chat conversation with other people on your local network. In order to operate the program click "start", then "run", and type in "winchat.exe".

There's a tool called Driver Verifier Manager which can be accessed by clicking "start", "run" and typing in "verifier.exe". It will search through the drivers (the pieces of software which allow windows talk to your computer hardware), and see which ones are verified by Microsoft, and which ones are not.

A hidden tool called System Configuration Editor which has been around since Windows 95 makes it really easy to edit some of the files that operate when Windows is launched, program can be used by clicking "start" then "run" then "sysedit".exe. This program is clearly not up to date because it allows you to edit files such as config.sys which have not been used since Windows ME.

If you are interested in seeing some performance information about your system, you might be interested in a program called System Monitor, which lets you monitor system resource usage on a very nice graph. The program can be ran by clicking "start", then "run", then "perfmon.exe". Windows Vista actually contains an updated version of this piece of software which shows much more information.

A very old version of Windows Media player is still included in Windows XP. The latest version is Windows Media Player 11, but Windows Media Player 5 is still available on Windows XP. In order to make use of it, click "Start", then "run", then "mplay32.exe." Of course WMP 5 lacks a lot of the featur
es that 11 has, but its very light weight and a nice blast from the past!

If you have ever wondered what exactly is in your clipboard, you can view it quite easily by clicking "start", "run" then "clipbrd.exe". It will show you the contents of your clipboard.

3 Reasons Why Windows XP is Far More Popular Than the New Windows Vista Operating System

Microsoft has touted Windows Vista as the "largest upgrade since Windows 95." However, ever since its release, Windows XP users have been slow to upgrade to this new operating system. This article reviews three main reasons why.


Software Compatibility
Many people choose to stick with Windows XP because of its software compatibility. Windows XP has countless numbers of compatible programs in its software library. Windows Vista, on the other hand, is a relatively new operating system. As such, several software developers have not developed and released software for Windows Vista. For this reason, it is incompatible with many types of software.


Windows XP cannot be considered an outdated operating system yet, because many software developers still consistently develop software for this particular operating system. Until Windows Vista has complete software support, Windows XP will still be considered the better operating system in terms of software availability and compatibility.

Cost of Use
Another reason why many people feel reluctant to upgrade to Windows Vista is cost. So far, Windows Vista is proving to be a relatively expensive operating system. The cost of using Windows Vista tends to exceed its price tag. Some older computers, for example, may not meet the demanding hardware requirements of Windows Vista. For this reason, most people with older systems will be required to upgrade their hardware in addition to purchasing the operating system.

Windows Vista also requires loads of memory to run, and this has many current and potential users concerned. The Vista premium ready designation, for example, requires 1 GB of RAM. For those who do not have this much, a feature called "Support Ready Boost" enables the user to extend the RAM by plugging in a USB key.

Sheer Inertia
Perhaps the most compelling reason why upgrading to Windows Vista may be difficult for some people is simply inertia and a sense of alienation. Many avid fans of Windows XP are just very reluctant to upgrade to Windows Vista. They feel that this new operating system alienate
s them from the familiar and very user-friendly Windows XP. Numerous users of Windows XP may, at first, feel uncomfortable with the newest operating system released by Microsoft - Windows Vista.

Many people feel very uncomfortable using Windows Vista because of its new graphical user interface and numerous other new features. Windows XP has been the standard Microsoft operating system for the past five years (the longest time in which Microsoft has used the same operating system) and windows users have gotten very comfortable using it. Upgrading to Windows Vista would be an awkward experience for the millions of people who have gotten accustomed to Windows XP.

To Upgrade or not to Upgrade?
If you have yet to answer this question for yourself, you should not feel rushed to upgrade to Windows Vista. Windows XP is still a very common and widely used operating system, while Windows Vista is not quite yet the standard Microsoft operating system. If you feel that upgrading to Windows Vista is simply not worth it, you may keep your Windows XP operating system with minimal consequences.

Fatal error: the system has become unstable or is busy," it says. "Enter to return to Windows or press Control-Alt-Delete to restart your computer. If you do this you will lose any unsaved information in all open applications."

You have just been struck by the Blue Screen of Death. Anyone who uses Mcft Windows will be familiar with this. What can you do? More importantly, how can you prevent it happening?


1 Hardware conflict

The number one reason why Windows crashes is hardware conflict. Each hardware device communicates to other devices through an interrupt request channel (IRQ). These are supposed to be unique for each device.

For example, a printer usually connects internally on IRQ 7. The keyboard usually uses IRQ 1 and the floppy disk drive IRQ 6. Each device will try to hog a single IRQ for itself.

If there are a lot of devices, or if they are not installed properly, two of them may end up sharing the same IRQ number. When the user tries to use both devices at the same time, a crash can happen. The way to check if your computer has a hardware conflict is through the following route:

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System-Device Manager.

Often if a device has a problem a yellow '!' appears next to its description in the Device Manager. Highlight Computer (in the Device Manager) and press Properties to see the IRQ numbers used by your computer. If the IRQ number appears twice, two devices may be using it.

Sometimes a device might share an IRQ with something described as 'IRQ holder for PCI steering'. This can be ignored. The best way to fix this problem is to remove the problem device and reinstall it.

Sometimes you may have to find more recent drivers on the internet to make the device function properly. A good resource is www.driverguide.com. If the device is a soundcard, or a modem, it can often be fixed by moving it to a different slot on the motherboard (be careful about opening your computer, as you may void the warranty).

When working inside a computer you should switch it off, unplug the mains lead and touch an unpainted metal surface to discharge any static electricity.

To be fair to Mcft, the problem with IRQ numbers is not of its making. It is a legacy problem going back to the first PC designs using the IBM 8086 chip. Initially there were only eight IRQs. Today there are 16 IRQs in a PC. It is easy to run out of them. There are plans to increase the number of IRQs in future designs.

2 Bad Ram

Ram (random-access memory) problems might bring on the blue screen of death with a message saying Fatal Exception Error. A fatal error indicates a serious hardware problem. Sometimes it may mean a part is damaged and will need replacing.

But a fatal error caused by Ram might be caused by a mismatch of chips. For example, mixing 70-nanosecond (70ns) Ram with 60ns Ram will usually force the computer to run all the Ram at the slower speed. This will often crash the machine if the Ram is overworked.

One way around this problem is to enter the BIOS settings and increase the wait state of the Ram. This can make it more stable. Another way to troubleshoot a suspected Ram problem is to rearrange the Ram chips on the motherboard, or take some of them out. Then try to repeat the circumstances that caused the crash. When handling Ram try not to touch the gold connections, as they can be easily damaged.

Parity error messages also refer to Ram. Modern Ram chips are either parity (ECC) or non parity (non-ECC). It is best not to mix the two types, as this can be a cause of trouble.

EMM386 error messages refer to memory problems but may not be connected to bad Ram. This may be due to free memory problems often linked to old Dos-based programmes.

3 BIOS settings

Every motherboard is supplied with a range of chipset settings that are decided in the factory. A common way to access these settings is to press the F2 or delete button during the first few seconds of a boot-up.

Once inside the BIOS, great care should be taken. It is a good idea to write down on a piece of paper all the settings that appear on the screen. That way, if you change something and the computer becomes more unstable, you will know what settings to revert to.

A common BIOS error concerns the CAS latency. This refers to the Ram. Older EDO (extended data out) Ram has a CAS latency of 3. Newer SDRam has a CAS latency of 2. Setting the wrong figure can cause the Ram to lock up and freeze the computer's display.

Mcft Windows is better at allocating IRQ numbers than any BIOS. If possible set the IRQ numbers to Auto in the BIOS. This will allow Windows to allocate the IRQ numbers (make sure the BIOS setting for Plug and Play OS is switched to 'yes' to allow Windows to do this.).

4 Hard disk drives

After a few weeks, the information on a hard disk drive starts to become piecemeal or fragmented. It is a good idea to defragment the hard disk every week or so, to prevent the disk from causing a screen freeze. Go to

* Start-Programs-Accessories-System Tools-Disk Defragmenter

This will start the procedure. You will be unable to write data to the hard drive (to save it) while the disk is defragmenting, so it is a good idea to schedule the procedure for a period of inactivity using the Task Scheduler.

The Task Scheduler should be one of the small icons on the bottom right of the Windows opening page (the desktop).

Some lockups and screen freezes caused by hard disk problems can be solved by reducing the read-ahead optimisation. This can be adjusted by going to

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System Icon-Performance-File System-Hard Disk.

Hard disks will slow down and crash if they are too full. Do some housekeeping on your hard drive every few months and free some space on it. Open the Windows folder on the C drive and find the Temporary Internet Files folder. Deleting the contents (not the folder) can free a lot of space.

Empty the Recycle Bin every week to free more space. Hard disk drives should be scanned every week for errors or bad sectors. Go to

* Start-Programs-Accessories-System Tools-ScanDisk

Otherwise assign the Task Scheduler to perform this operation at night when the computer is not in use.

5 Fatal OE exceptions and VXD errors

Fatal OE exception errors and VXD errors are often caused by video card problems.

These can often be resolved easily by reducing the resolution of the video display. Go to

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-Display-Settings

Here you should slide the screen area bar to the left. Take a look at the colour settings on the left of that window. For most desktops, high colour 16-bit depth is adequate.

If the screen freezes or you experience system lockups it might be due to the video card. Make sure it does not have a hardware conflict. Go to

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System-Device Manager

Here, select the + beside Display Adapter. A line of text describing your video card should appear. Select it (make it blue) and press properties. Then select Resources and select each line in the window. Look for a message that says No Conflicts.

If you have video card hardware conflict, you will see it here. Be careful at this point and make a note of everything you do in case you make things worse.

The way to resolve a hardware conflict is to uncheck the Use Automatic Settings box and hit the Change Settings button. You are searching for a setting that will display a No Conflicts message.

Another useful way to resolve video problems is to go to

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System-Performance-Graphics

Here you should move the Hardware Acceleration slider to the left. As ever, the most common cause of problems relating to graphics cards is old or faulty drivers (a driver is a small piece of software used by a computer to communicate with a device).

Look up your video card's manufacturer on the internet and search for the most recent drivers for it.

6 Viruses

Often the first sign of a virus infection is instability. Some viruses erase the boot sector of a hard drive, making it impossible to start. This is why it is a good idea to create a Windows start-up disk. Go to

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-Add/Remove Programs

Here, look for the Start Up Disk tab. Virus protection requires constant vigilance.

A virus scanner requires a list of virus signatures in order to be able to identify viruses. These signatures are stored in a DAT file. DAT files should be updated weekly from the website of your antivirus software manufacturer.

An excellent antivirus programme is McAfee VirusScan by Network Associates ( www.nai.com). Another is Norton AntiVirus 2000, made by Symantec ( www.symantec.com).

7 Printers

The action of sending a document to print creates a bigger file, often called a postscript file.

Printers have only a small amount of memory, called a buffer. This can be easily overloaded. Printing a document also uses a considerable amount of CPU power. This will also slow down the computer's performance.

If the printer is trying to print unusual characters, these might not be recognised, and can crash the computer. Sometimes printers will not recover from a crash because of confusion in the buffer. A good way to clear the buffer is to unplug the printer for ten seconds. Booting up from a powerless state, also called a cold boot, will restore the printer's default settings and you may be able to carry on.

8 Software

A common cause of computer crash is faulty or badly-installed software. Often the problem can be cured by uninstalling the software and then reinstalling it. Use Norton Uninstall or Uninstall Shield to remove an application from your system properly. This will also remove references to the programme in the System Registry and leaves the way clear for a completely fresh copy.

The System Registry can be corrupted by old references to obsolete software that you thought was uninstalled. Use Reg Cleaner by Jouni Vuorio to clean up the System Registry and remove obsolete entries. It works on Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 98 SE (Second Edition), Windows Millennium Edition (ME), NT4 and Windows 2000.

Read the instructions and use it carefully so you don't do permanent damage to the Registry. If the Registry is damaged you will have to reinstall your operating system. Reg Cleaner can be obtained from www.jv16.org

Often a Windows problem can be resolved by entering Safe Mode. This can be done during start-up. When you see the message "Starting Windows" press F4. This should take you into Safe Mode.

Safe Mode loads a minimum of drivers. It allows you to find and fix problems that prevent Windows from loading properly.

Sometimes installing Windows is difficult because of unsuitable BIOS settings. If you keep getting SUWIN error messages (Windows setup) during the Windows installation, then try entering the BIOS and disabling the CPU internal cache. Try to disable the Level 2 (L2) cache if that doesn't work.

Remember to restore all the BIOS settings back to their former settings following installation.

9 Overheating

Central processing units (CPUs) are usually equipped with fans to keep them cool. If the fan fails or if the CPU gets old it may start to overheat and generate a particular kind of error called a kernel error. This is a common problem in chips that have been overclocked to operate at higher speeds than they are supposed to.

One remedy is to get a bigger better fan and install it on top of the CPU. Specialist cooling fans/heatsinks are available from www.computernerd.com or www.coolit.com

CPU problems can often be fixed by disabling the CPU internal cache in the BIOS. This will make the machine run more slowly, but it should also be more stable.

10 Power supply problems

With all the new construction going on around the country the steady supply of electricity has become disrupted. A power surge or spike can crash a computer as easily as a power cut.

If this has become a nuisance for you then consider buying a uninterrupted power supply (UPS). This will give you a clean power supply when there is electricity, and it will give you a few minutes to perform a controlled shutdown in case of a power cut.

It is a good investment if your data are critical, because a power cut will cause any unsaved data to be lost.